Midwife for information
By
Ashok Khosla
Science
has a long history of disagreement, debate and disavowal of premature
theories. It is understandable that few scientists consider it a responsible
act to give advice based on insufficient evidence, theoretical or empirical.
Nevertheless, they are increasingly called upon to do so. That the scientist
has a responsibility to take a more active role in the decision making process
must now go without question. We now need to develop the institutions and
techniques to enable scientists to take active part in decision making without
jeopardising the reputation of the scientific enterprise as a whole, or their
individual or collective standing within it.
Many of the issues
of sustainability arise from the side effects of the extraordinary
contributions which science itself has made to development, and it is only
science that can address these issues satisfactorily. The environmental
phenomena and resource linkages which constrain further development can also
only be dealt with by a deeper understanding of natural processes. As a well
informed citizen, the scientist can play a special role in the development
decision making process. As a well informed citizen, the scientist can play a
special role in the development decision making process, to give early warning
of emerging problems, to provide information and analytical tools, and in
other ways to make a greater contribution as a strong influencer, if not
maker, of policies.
In recognition of this special role, both policy makers and scientists have
now to redefine their relationships with each other. It is for the scientific
community to develop institutional mechanisms by which scientists can provide,
either on their own initiative or on request, advice based on consensus and
the best information available even in the absence of unanimity and
certainty. To do so, the scientist will have to become much more responsive
than before to the actual problems of society and the environment, and less
afraid of doing cross-disciplinary work. In particular, the scientist will
have to develop wholly new techniques to communicate, both with fellow
scientists in other specialisations and with non-technical people.
The policy maker, on the other hand, is, or should be, a non-specialist,
capable of sorting various scientific, economic and other inputs in a manner
that is consistent with social values and goals. He or she will, therefore,
have to establish the means by which outstanding scientists are encouraged to
investigate phenomena of relevance to the problems of sustainable development,
and to take an active part in the making of policy. The means to do this
include not only the funding of research programmes, but also the building up
of adequate research infrastructure, remuneration scales, and other incentives
for scientists to take a more active part in the design of development
strategies.
The Independent Sector, which includes the thousands of NGOs in our country,
constitute a vast reservoir of concern, knowledge and wisdom on matters
relating to development. To ensure the fullest possible participation of
people in the decision making process, deep changes are needed in most
societies to permit them to have access to relevant information. Outdated
concepts of intellectual property and “the public good” often stand in the way
of an independent sector which, if well-informed, could contribute greatly to
the making of rational development decisions.
Because of the multi-disciplinary requirements of decision making aimed at
sustainable development, it is now becoming essential that existing
information systems be inter-connected in a manner which facilitates the
delivery of the information needed in the form and format which can directly
assist planners and decision makers in their work. In general terms, what is
called for is an improvement of “top down” flows of information and analytical
techniques from national bodies for the purpose of improving “bottom up”
capabilities for local planning which encourages public participation.
Universities, non-governmental and voluntary organisations and other research
action oriented agencies can play an important role in this effort.
The Development Alternatives Information Network (DAINET) has been established
to facilitate this process.
Back
to Contents
|