Inducting Sustainable Agriculture in the
Battle Against Poverty and Hunger
A s the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) approach their expiry date in 2015
and the world prepares for the post-2015 scenario by drawing up a set of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is prudent to reflect on the
lessons emerging from the MDG experience. These lessons will prove
important in framing the SDGs in such a manner that they are geared for
success with not just ambitious yet achievable targets, but also
requisite focus on the means of implementation and avenues for
international cooperation.
One of the major
criticisms of the MDGs has been their near exclusive focus on social
outcomes and neglect of issues regarding environmental sustainability,
the production sector and economic development, even though these form
the foundation and enabling systems for the sustainable realisation of
the social outcomes. For example, the world is set to miss the MDG on
poverty and hunger reduction by a wide margin and one of the reasons
being proffered for the same is that the goal did not adequately focus
on agricultural development as central to the achievement of the goal.
It is important that the ongoing global dialogue on SDGs focuses as much
on the means of implementation and enabling systems as on the goals and
targets.
The list of
issues that the Rio+20 declaration has suggested to be addressed in the
SDGs already point to a positive approach of looking at goal areas
holistically along with their possible means of implementation. For
example, one goal area that can be considered a successor to the MDG on
eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is ‘food security,
nutrition and sustainable agriculture’ – underscoring the critical
role of sustainable agriculture in delivering long term solutions for
food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation. Research by the
World Bank indicates that growth in the agriculture sector generates
over double the gains in poverty reduction as compared to other sectors.
When this analysis is juxtaposed against the fact that majority of the
world’s poor are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, it
becomes clear why investing in agricultural development is critical for
meeting poverty reduction targets.
The word ‘sustainable’ in
this goal area is critical. Agriculture will have to shift to becoming
more sustainable i.e. more resource efficient and less polluting forms
that in the long run do not endanger the very production systems. In
particular, the availability of water is expected to become a major
limiting factor in efforts to increase agricultural productivity and
thus achieving improved water productivity will be crucial to the growth
of the sector. Promotion of production systems that draw more
effectively on production ecology principles and are based on ecosystem
approaches that conserve, manage and enhance natural resources is the
need of the hour.
It is estimated that
agricultural output will have to increase by 60% to be able to feed the
world population in 2050. As the scope for increasing land area under
cultivation is limited, most of this additional food will have to come
from increase in yields and cropping intensities. Considering that 85%
of farmers worldwide are smallholders with less than 2 hectares of land,
there will need to be a strong emphasis on increasing the productivity
of smallholder agriculture. The Zero Hunger Challenge launched by the UN
Secretary General corroborates this by stating as one of its objectives,
the promotion of growth in the productivity and income of smallholder
farmers.
A diversity of solutions
for increasing agricultural productivity through sustainable
intensification already exists. The challenge for the post 2015 agenda
will be to promote the scaling of these solutions through support in the
form of improved market infrastructure, public and private investment
and cooperation for technology and knowledge transfer. Most importantly,
farmers have to be made central to the efforts and adequate investment
has to be made on their capacity building and for securing access to
know how, inputs, services and finances.
q
References:
• The Post-2015 Development Agenda
and the Sustainable Development Goal Position (Farming First Coalition)
• Post 2015 and MDGs – Nourishing People, Nurturing the Planet (FAO)
• Food Security, Nutrition and Sustainable Agriculture in the Post-2015
Development Agenda - Priority Targets and Indicators (FAO, IFAD and WFP)
Mayukh Hajra
mhajra@devalt.org
Back to Contents |